Carbon steel strand is so important to apply in many industry, for example, normally the steel strand could use in Messenger wire, guy wire, core wire or strength member, etc; can also be used as the ground wire of overhead transmission; the uncoated low relaxation prestressed concrete steel strand (low relaxation PC steel strand) is commonly used in bridge, construction, water conservancy, energy and geotechnical engineering; and the unbonded prestressed concrete steel strand (unbonded pc steel strand) is commonly used in floor and foundation engineering. As China’s one belt, one road construction and the supply side reform on the upgrade of the steel strand industry, the capacity structure has been optimized, the quality of products has been greatly improved, and a large number of high-quality products have gone abroad. However, at the beginning of 2020, the invasion of new coronavirus affected the development of Global trade. The demand performance is beyond expectation, and the market supply and demand balance pattern is still maintained. The author analyzes and prospects the steel strand market situation in 2020 from the following aspects. Hope the information is valuable for the readers if any chance for the viewers browsing the website.PC steel strand MarketThe steel strand is a steel product composed of several steel wires. According to the needs, zinc coating, zinc aluminum alloy coating, aluminum coating, copper coating and epoxy resin coating can be added on the surface of carbon steel. Steel strand can be divided into: prestressed, unbonded, galvanized steel strand, etc. This paper only introduces the prestressed steel strand with the largest market circulation and consumption. Prestressed steel strand is a stranded steel cable composed of 2, 3, 7 or 19 high-strength steel wires, which has been stress relieved (stabilized). The main features of strain steel are high strength and good relaxation performance. In addition, it is relatively straight when it is unfolded and suitable for prestressed concrete or similar purposes. It is widely used in high-speed railway construction, expressway and national and provincial highway bridge and other infrastructure projects. China’s prestressed steel strand industry originated in the 1960s, began to introduce western technology in 1988, and began to develop rapidly after 1995, mainly due to the sustained growth of China's economy and the country’s policy of continuous investment in infrastructure. Now China has become the largest prestressed steel strand consumer market in the world.Steel strand factories and suppliersAt present, the production bases of steel strand are mainly in Tianjin, Jiangsu, Hebei and Henan, which account for 70% of the total output of the country.Manufacturers along the Yangtze River mainly radiate to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian and Guangdong, benefiting from the developed inland water network transportation and low freight. There are also many well-known steel mills in the region as raw material suppliers with sufficient supply. Tianjin has obvious location advantages, and the logistics in the center of the North-South channel is more convenient, which can easily radiate Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and northeast provinces. Due to the development of Tianjin strand industry cluster, the steel production of iron and steel enterprises in the region is driven, and many steel enterprises in the region provide sufficient raw material supply. Steel strand usage in ChinaSteel strand is usually used for supporting cable, stay wire, reinforcing core, etc. it can also be used as the ground wire of overhead transmission, the barrier cable on both sides of the road or the structural cable in the building structure. The commonly used prestressed steel strand in the prestressed steel strand is the uncoated low relaxation prestressed steel strand, which is also galvanized. It is commonly used in bridges, buildings, water conservancy, energy and geotechnical engineering, etc., and the unbonded prestressed steel strand is commonly used in floor and foundation engineering, etc. The steel strand is an indispensable material in the construction engineering. The steel strand is a steel product composed of several steel wires. The surface of the carbon steel can be added with galvanized layer, zinc aluminum alloy layer, aluminum clad layer, copper plating layer, epoxy resin coating, etc. as required. Different classification products have different applications.About trend of strand steel industryWith the continuous breakthrough of technical barriers in China's steel strand industry and the involvement of private capital, the proportion of private enterprises keeps rising. In 2018, China's new steel strand capacity is about 400000, and in 2019, the effective capacity has reached as much as 6 million. In the future, the competition in the industry market will be particularly fierce, in which the large manufacturers and brand manufacturers occupy the high-end market through their own brand advantages and long-term customer resource advantages established through cooperation, while some private manufacturers compete by regional sales mode and low-cost cash sales, resulting in many steel strand manufacturers' output increasing while their profits falling, or even losses. Therefore, the future market urgently needs the supervision and coordination mechanism. From 2010 to 2020, the state will focus on the construction of passenger dedicated lines, intercity rail transit and coal transportation channels, and initially form a high-speed railway, rapid passenger transport and coal transportation network. There are 13 railway projects and 8 railway coal transportation channel projects in Xinjiang included in the 12th Five year development plan of the Ministry of railways, which will be conducive to stimulating the market demand for stranded wires.Thanks to the continuous growth of China's economy and the state's policies on infrastructure investment, China’s prestressed steel strand industry has become a super giant in the global industry, far larger than the total scale of European and American enterprises. The increase in infrastructure investment such as bridges, railways and expressways has provided a strong support for the prestressed steel strand market, and the industry is booming. With the implementation of one belt and one road, the investment boom of infrastructure construction will bring more room for development of the prestressed steel strand market.

To best comprehend Post-tensioning, it's time to consider the major differences between pre-stressed and reinforced concrete. Both reinforced and pre-stressed concretes utilize the structural abilities of concrete and steel. Concrete is exceptionally strong in compression but comparably weak in tension. Reinforced concrete beams supports loads at its top consider it can't resist the tension at the bottom, which could easily leads to its crack.Steel bars in reinforcement are utilized to place inside the tension zone to handle the cracking. Pre-stressed concrete (PC) entails the application of forces that typically bend and compress a concrete structure in counteractive bending that derive from loading. The pressure applied include the tensioning of the steel component and in the look of wires, bars or high tensile strands. Known as a typical practice, suppliers calibrate Stressing Equipments to accomplish post-tension installation successfully.Difference Types of Stressing EquipmentsMulti Strand Jacks are commonly used to stress all strands inside a cable all at the same time. The benefit from this type of jack is due to its high-speed and high precision for stressing operation to complete for the cables in a single trouble-free step.Single Strand Mono Jacks have three fundamental models 10T mono jack is designed for that mining industry, and can be used as overhead works. 17T mono jack is in actual a designated 0.5 strand inside a lightweight steel model; it's double acting and uses 3-piece reusable  wedges. Lastly, the 25T mono jack capable of stressing 5mm wire up to 15.2mm strand using the easiness of exchanging two components using the stokes of 6, 8, 12,18 and 24.Grout Pumps are generally employed for leveling concrete slabs, filling cracks, raising sunken concrete, sealing concrete holes, as well as for repairing tunnels, parking structures and bridges. The kind of grout pump is dependent on the complexness from the job, either air-powered or manual based on what grout pump is needed.Staple machines aren't like any ordinary stapling machines. This is practically employed for attaching strands for prestressing concrete (PC). By manually operating staple machines it may be used in certain sites that are isolated where high air pressure systems aren't accessible.Onion Jacks are utilized to eliminate the use of anchor plates or wedges by creating anchor point for prestressing cables. The device forms an onion contour around the end from the cable by means of distributing and splitting individual wires.Swaging Jack is a kind of Stressing Equipment that crushes or swages a barrel and wedge setting it towards the end of the prestressing cable to produce position point. This jack is lightweight and power-driven by machine or a hands pump.Inappropriate handling and proper care of Stressing Equipment might result in damage of property or perhaps physical injuries of the operator. Only qualified and well-trained personnel are permitted to function the gear during its practice. Operators doing the stressing along with the inspectors must always remain clear from the tendons being stressed under any situation. Jacks ought to be put on the strand to become stressed. It's not recommended to adjust the positioning of the jack by striking or pushing after any load continues to be already applied. Don't exceed the designed capacities from the tendons or even the jacks being stressed, excessive pressure might result in personal injuries. To maintain jacks, it's important to use only approved clean hydraulic fluid and change it if needed. Jacks should be cleaned immediately whenever it is exposed to air, rain or any other corrosive environments after exposure. Don't stress any tendons which have concrete slurry within the anchor cavity, this can delay appropriate seating from the wedges.You can acquire Prestressed Concrete Materials from Hayes, a specialized manufacturer for PC steel wires and stands with years of experience developing global market for better opportunity in cooperation with worldwide industry.